Jain Panchang 1991
The Jain Panchang (Vira Nirvana Samvat). Each day shows its tithi and nakshatra, with the Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan, Samvatsari, the Rohini Vrats, Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli.
January 1991
Vira Nirvana Samvat 2516
Vikram Samvat 2047 (Subhanu)
Pausha – Magha
Timings shown for New Delhi (IST) at sunrise - use the city box at the top to change it. Solar months begin by each tradition's own Sankranti rule (same-day, next-day, sunset or aparahna). Era years and lunar month names follow standard Vedic calculations and may differ slightly from regional almanacs around an Adhik Maas.
Jain Panchang 1991 - festivals and vrats through the year
The Jain Panchang lists 44 dates in 1991, opening with Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak on 10 January and closing with Rohini Vrat on 20 December. Of these, 29 are vrats (fasting observances). November is the fullest month with 9 dates. The year runs through Vira Nirvana Samvat 2516 – 2517. 1991 carries an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month that pushes several festivals later than usual. Mahavir Jayanti fell on 28 March, Paryushan began on 5 September, Samvatsari fell on 12 September and Mahavir Nirvana fell on 5 November.
January 1991 Pausha – Magha
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Jan | Thu |
Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak The birth anniversary (Janma Kalyanak) of Bhagwan Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, on Pausha Krishna Dashami - kept with the Uvasaggaharam Stotra jaap and fasting. |
Krishna Dashami |
| 13 Jan | Sun |
Meru Trayodashi The nirvana (moksha) day of the first Tirthankara, Bhagwan Rishabhadeva (Adinatha), venerated with worship of the sacred Mount Meru. |
Krishna Trayodashi |
| 26 Jan | Sat | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Ekadashi |
February 1991 Magha – Phalguna
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21 Feb | Thu | Phalguna Ashtahnika Begins Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 22 Feb | Fri | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Ashtami |
| 27 Feb | Wed | Phalguna Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 28 Feb | Thu | Phalguna Ashtahnika Ends Vrat | Shukla Purnima |
March 1991 Phalguna – Chaitra
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Mar | Fri | Varshitapa Arambha Vrat | Krishna Ashtami |
| 22 Mar | Fri | Chaitra Navapada Oli Begins Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 22 Mar | Fri | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 28 Mar | Thu |
Mahavir Swami Jayanti The birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, on Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi - celebrated with processions, abhishek and charity. |
Shukla Trayodashi |
| 30 Mar | Sat | Chaitra Navapada Oli Ends Vrat | Shukla Purnima |
April 1991 Chaitra – Vaishakha (Adhik)
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 Apr | Thu | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Chaturthi |
May 1991 Vaishakha (Adhik) – Vaishakha – Jyeshtha
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 May | Wed | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Pratipada |
| 16 May | Thu |
Varshitapa Parana The breaking (parana) of the year-long Varshi Tap with sugarcane juice on Akshaya Tritiya, as Bhagwan Rishabhadeva broke his fast. |
Shukla Tritiya |
| 23 May | Thu |
Mahavira Swami Kevalagyan The day Bhagwan Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana - infinite knowledge and omniscience. |
Shukla Dashami |
June 1991 Jyeshtha – Ashadha
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Jun | Wed | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Amavasya |
| 16 Jun | Sun |
Shruta Panchami The Digambara festival venerating the Jain scriptures (Shruta) on Jyeshtha Shukla Panchami - commemorating the day the Shatkhandagama was first written down. |
Shukla Panchami |
July 1991 Ashadha – Shravana
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 Jul | Tue | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Dwadashi |
| 18 Jul | Thu | Ashadha Ashtahnika Begins Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 25 Jul | Thu | Ashadha Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 26 Jul | Fri | Ashadha Ashtahnika Ends Vrat | Shukla Purnima |
August 1991 Shravana – Bhadrapada
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 Aug | Tue | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Ekadashi |
September 1991 Bhadrapada – Ashwina
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Sep | Mon | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Ashtami |
| 5 Sep | Thu |
Paryushana Parvarambha The start of Paryushan - the holiest eight-day festival of the Jains - of fasting, scriptural study, penance and forgiveness. |
Krishna Dwadashi |
| 12 Sep | Thu |
Samvatsari Parva The final and holiest day of Paryushan - of Pratikraman and Michhami Dukkadam, seeking forgiveness from every living being. |
Shukla Chaturthi |
| 13 Sep | Fri |
Das Lakshana Parva Begins The ten-day Digambara festival of the ten supreme virtues (dharma), from Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami to Chaturdashi - the Digambara counterpart of Paryushan. |
Shukla Panchami |
| 22 Sep | Sun | Anant Chaturdashi Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 23 Sep | Mon |
Kshamavani Parva The Digambara day of universal forgiveness, the day after Das Lakshana - Jains seek and grant pardon with the words Uttam Kshama and Michhami Dukkadam. |
Shukla Purnima |
| 29 Sep | Sun | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Shashthi |
October 1991 Ashwina – Kartika
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 Oct | Tue | Ashwina Navapada Oli Begins Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 23 Oct | Wed | Ashwina Navapada Oli Ends Vrat | Shukla Purnima |
| 26 Oct | Sat | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Tritiya |
November 1991 Kartika – Margashirsha
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Nov | Tue |
Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali) Diwali marks the nirvana (final liberation) of Bhagwan Mahavira at Pavapuri; Jains keep it with fasting, the Nirvana Laddu and recitation of his last sermon. |
Krishna Chaturdashi |
| 6 Nov | Wed |
Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) The first day of the Jain Vira Nirvana Samvat year - the morning after Mahavira's nirvana, also the day Gautam Swami attained Kevala Jnana. |
Krishna Amavasya |
| 8 Nov | Fri |
Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya)
Sisters honour their brothers on Kartika Shukla Dwitiya, the day Gautam Swami is said to have visited his sister, closing the Diwali observances. |
Shukla Dwitiya |
| 11 Nov | Mon |
Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami) Knowledge (Jnan) Panchami - Jain scriptures and the gift of knowledge are venerated; in Gujarat it is also kept as Labh Panchami. |
Shukla Panchami |
| 13 Nov | Wed | Kartika Ashtahnika Begins Vrat | Shukla Saptami |
| 21 Nov | Thu | Kartika Ashtahnika Ends Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 21 Nov | Thu | Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 21 Nov | Thu |
Kartika Ratha Yatra The Kartik Purnima chariot procession (Ratha Yatra) and the great pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya (Palitana), reopened after the Chaturmas. |
Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 23 Nov | Sat | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Krishna Dwitiya |
December 1991 Margashirsha – Pausha
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Dec | Tue | Maun Ekadashi Vrat | Shukla Ekadashi |
| 20 Dec | Fri | Rohini Vrat Vrat | Shukla Chaturdashi |
What happened in the sky in 1991
Beyond the dates the Jain Panchang lists, 1991 brought 6 eclipses - 2 solar and 4 lunar - of which 2 were above the horizon somewhere in India. The year also carried an Adhik Maas, the extra lunar month of Vaishakha, running from 15 April 1991 to 14 May 1991. Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) fell on 6 November, 18 days later in the year than in 1990 - a lunar year runs about eleven days short of a solar one.
Eclipses of 1991
| Date (IST) | Eclipse | Hindu date | Seen from India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Jan 5:22 AM | Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) 3 days after Meru Trayodashi | Magha Shukla Pratipada | Not visible |
| 30 Jan 11:28 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Magha Purnima | Not visible |
| 27 Jun 8:44 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Ashadha Purnima | Not visible |
| 12 Jul 12:36 AM | Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Ashadha Shukla Pratipada | Not visible |
| 26 Jul 11:37 PM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Shravana Purnima | Penumbral only |
| 21 Dec 4:03 PM | Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Pausha Purnima | Yes - Sutak observed |
Sutak Kaal was observed for 1 of these. A penumbral (Upachhaya) eclipse is not counted as a grahan.
Guru and Shani in 1991
| Date | Graha | Sign change |
|---|---|---|
| 14 Aug 3:40 PM | Guru (Jupiter) | Karka → Simha |
Jupiter takes about a year to cross a sign, Saturn about two and a half. Rahu entered Dhanu on 13 April 1991, carrying the eclipse axis with it.
Related Calculators
Frequently asked questions about the Jain Panchang 1991
How many festivals and vrats does the Jain Panchang list in 1991?
The Jain Panchang lists 44 dates in 1991, of which 29 are vrats. The first is Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak on Thursday, 10 January 1991, and the last is Rohini Vrat on Friday, 20 December 1991.
When was Paryushan in 1991?
Paryushan began on Thursday, 5 September 1991 and closed on Samvatsari, Thursday, 12 September 1991.
The Digambara Das Lakshana Parva began on Friday, 13 September 1991.
When was Mahavir Jayanti in 1991?
Mahavir Swami Jayanti fell on Thursday, 28 March 1991 (Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi), the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira.
When was Mahavir Nirvana in 1991?
Mahavir Nirvana was observed on Tuesday, 5 November 1991, the same day as Diwali.
The Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) began the next morning, Wednesday, 6 November 1991.
What are the main festival dates in the Jain Panchang for 1991?
The main observances in 1991 are:
- Mahavir Jayanti - Thursday, 28 March 1991
- Paryushan - Thursday, 5 September 1991
- Samvatsari - Thursday, 12 September 1991
- Mahavir Nirvana - Tuesday, 5 November 1991
Which month of 1991 has the most observances in the Jain Panchang?
November 1991 is the fullest month with 9 dates, including Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali), Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat), Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya), Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami), Kartika Ashtahnika Begins, Kartika Ashtahnika Ends, Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas, Kartika Ratha Yatra.
Which traditional year does 1991 correspond to in the Jain Panchang?
The Gregorian year 1991 spans Vira Nirvana Samvat 2516 – 2517. The traditional year does not begin on 1 January, so one Gregorian year usually covers the end of one era year and the start of the next.
Did 1991 have an Adhik Maas?
Yes. 1991 carried an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month inserted roughly every third year to keep the lunar calendar in step with the solar one. Festivals falling after it shift later in the Gregorian year, which is why 1991 dates can look out of place beside a neighbouring year.
Were there any eclipses in 1991?
1991 had 6 eclipses:
- 16 January 1991 - Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 30 January 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 27 June 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 12 July 1991 - Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 26 July 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), penumbral only, so no Sutak was observed
- 21 December 1991 - Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
Sutak Kaal is observed only for an eclipse actually visible where you are, so 1 of these was kept in India.
Did Guru or Shani change sign in 1991?
Yes - 1 sign change among the slow grahas in 1991:
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Simha on 14 August 1991
Jupiter takes about a year to cross one sign and Saturn about two and a half, so these transits colour the whole year rather than a single week.
How do I see the tithi and nakshatra for a specific date in 1991?
Use the month grid above: pick a month from the selector, then tap any day to open its full panchang - tithi with start and end times, nakshatra, yoga, karana, sunrise and sunset, and the inauspicious periods (Rahu Kalam, Yamaganda, Gulika Kalam). Set your city in the box at the top first, because these timings are sunrise-based and shift with location. The Jain Panchang opens on the current month.
About the Jain Panchang
The Jain Panchang (Vira Nirvana Samvat). Each day shows its tithi and nakshatra, with the Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan, Samvatsari, the Rohini Vrats, Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli.
Each day lists its tithi and paksha, the nakshatra, the weekday (vaar) and any festivals or vrats. Tap any day to see the full panchang for that date - tithi start and end times, nakshatra, yoga, karana, sunrise and sunset, and the inauspicious periods (Rahu Kalam, Yamaganda, Gulika Kalam). Use the month and year selectors to browse any year in the archive or plan ahead into the coming years.
This calendar names the tithi and festivals for each day. For sunrise, Rahu Kalam and muhurat windows on a chosen date, open the Panchang. Other regional calendars are on the Calendars index. Fast stories live under Vrat Katha.
