om । tachchhamyoravrinimahe । gatum yajnaya । gatum yajnapataye । daivi svastirastu nah । svastirmanushebhyah । urdhvam jigatu bheshajam । sham no astu dvipade । sham chatushpade ॥ om shantih shantih shantih ॥
Frequently asked questions about Purusha Suktam
What is the Purusha Suktam about?
Rigveda 10.90 - the hymn of the Cosmic Being with a thousand heads, eyes and feet, from whose self-sacrifice the worlds, the seasons, the Vedas and all beings arise. It is a hymn of one reality becoming many, chanted as the foundation of Vedic worship.
When is it chanted?
During abhishek and puja in temples, at havans, and in daily recitation by those who have learnt it. It is a standard part of the Vishnu and Narayana worship sequence, often before the Narayana Suktam and Sri Suktam.
Is it difficult to recite?
It is long and metrically demanding, so most people learn it in parts and over time, following a recording. Reciting it slowly from the Roman text is a legitimate way to begin; nobody is expected to hold sixteen verses of Vedic Sanskrit from the first day.
What does the sacrifice in the hymn mean?
The Purusha is both offering and offered - creation is described as a self-giving rather than a manufacture. Commentators read it as the pattern for all yajna: what is given away is what brings a world into being.
Can it be recited at home?
Yes. It is a Vedic hymn, so the traditional advice is to learn the pronunciation properly and recite after a bath, with attention. No initiation is required for recitation.
About the Purusha Suktam
The Purusha Suktam - the Rigvedic hymn (RV 10.90) describing the Cosmic Being (Purusha) from whom the universe and all beings arise.
Meaning
The hymn pictures the Purusha with a thousand heads, eyes and feet, pervading and transcending all; the entire creation - the gods, the Vedas, the sun and moon, and the social order - is described as arising from his cosmic sacrifice.
Benefits
Chanted in Vedic worship, abhisheka and homa for purity, prosperity and spiritual merit; invoked to consecrate ritual and to contemplate the all-pervading Supreme.
What the Hymn Describes
The Purusha Suktam (Rigveda 10.90) is one of the most celebrated hymns of the Veda. It opens with the vision of the Purusha - the Cosmic Being - with "a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, a thousand feet," pervading the earth on every side and extending ten fingers beyond it: the Supreme both fills creation and exceeds it. Only a quarter of him is manifest as all beings; three quarters remain immortal in the beyond.
The hymn then describes creation itself as a great cosmic sacrifice in which the Purusha is both offering and offered. From that sacrifice arise the seasons, the animals, the Vedas, the sun and moon, the gods Indra and Agni, the directions of space, and humanity itself. The closing verses declare that one who knows this Purusha "becomes immortal even here - there is no other path."
How It Is Used in Worship
The Purusha Suktam is a fixture of temple and household ritual: it accompanies abhisheka (the ceremonial bathing of the deity), homa offerings, and the sixteen-step (shodashopachara) puja of Vishnu and Narayana. Priests recite it with the full Vedic svara (tonal accents); the text shown on this page has the accents removed for easy reading, so if you wish to learn the chanted form, learn it orally from a qualified teacher.
How to Recite at Home
For daily parayana, read it slowly in the morning after bathing, ideally before a lamp or an image of Vishnu. Listening attentively to a traditional recitation is also considered meritorious when one cannot recite. Ekadashi, Purnima and festival days of Vishnu are especially favoured; many families recite it on Sundays as well. Regularity - even one unhurried reading a day - is valued over speed or volume.
The hymn's deepest teaching sits in its refrain that the Purusha is both the sacrifice and the one to whom it is offered: creation is not made from outside but given from within. Vedantins read the hymn as the seed of the entire doctrine of the Self; ritualists read it as the charter of yajna; devotees read it as the glory of Narayana. All three readings are traditional, which is why the Purusha Suktam appears in the worship of every sampradaya.
The Purusha Suktam above is given in both Devanagari (Sanskrit) and Roman transliteration so you can read it in whichever script you are comfortable with - switch between the two using the buttons above, share the link, or download a PDF.
A mantra is a compact formula for japa, not a long hymn. Forty-verse hymns live under Chalisa; lamp-songs under Aarti; longer stotras under Stotram. Browse every formula on the Mantra index. Count repetitions with the online japa mala counter.