Malayalam Calendar - Kollam Era 1991
The Malayalam festival calendar (Kollam Era). Kerala festivals and vrats month by month, with the date and tithi timing of each observance.
May 1991
Kollam Era 1166
Medam – Edavam
Timings shown for New Delhi (IST) at sunrise - use the city box at the top to change it. Solar months begin by each tradition's own Sankranti rule (same-day, next-day, sunset or aparahna). Era years and lunar month names follow standard Vedic calculations and may differ slightly from regional almanacs around an Adhik Maas.
Malayalam Calendar 1991 - festivals and vrats through the year
The Malayalam Calendar lists 30 dates in 1991, opening with Makaravilakku (Makara Sankranti) on 14 January and closing with Thiruvathira on 22 December. Of these, 12 are vrats (fasting observances). August is the fullest month with 5 dates. The year runs through Kollam Era 1166 – 1167. 1991 carries an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month that pushes several festivals later than usual.
January 1991 Dhanu – Makaram
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Jan | Mon |
Makaravilakku (Makara Sankranti) The Makara Jyothi and Makaravilakku at Sabarimala on the Sun's entry into Makara. |
Krishna Chaturdashi |
| 21 Jan | Mon | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Panchami |
| 23 Jan | Wed |
Ratha Saptami Surya's chariot turns north — devotees bathe at dawn and worship the Sun god on Magha Shukla Saptami. |
Shukla Saptami |
| 30 Jan | Wed |
Thaipusam Devotees of Lord Murugan carry kavadi in penance and thanksgiving on the Pusam star of Thai. |
Shukla Purnima |
February 1991 Makaram – Kumbham
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Feb | Tue |
Maha Shivaratri
The great night of Lord Shiva, with the Aluva Sivarathri on the Periyar sands. |
Krishna Trayodashi |
| 20 Feb | Wed | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Shashthi |
March 1991 Kumbham – Meenam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Mar | Fri |
Attukal Pongala Lakhs of women cook pongala for the Attukal Bhagavathy on the Pooram star of the month of Kumbham. |
Krishna Pratipada |
| 21 Mar | Thu | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Shashthi |
April 1991 Meenam – Medam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 14 Apr | Sun |
Vishu The Malayalam astronomical new year; the auspicious Vishukkani is viewed at dawn for a prosperous year. |
Krishna Amavasya |
| 19 Apr | Fri | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Panchami |
| 25 Apr | Thu |
Thrissur Pooram Kerala's grandest temple festival of caparisoned elephants and percussion, on the Pooram star of Medam. |
Shukla Dwadashi |
May 1991 Medam – Edavam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 May | Sat | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Panchami |
June 1991 Edavam – Mithunam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17 Jun | Mon | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Shashthi |
July 1991 Mithunam – Karkidakam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Jul | Tue | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Panchami |
August 1991 Karkidakam – Chingam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 Aug | Sat | Karkidaka Vavu Bali Vrat | Krishna Amavasya |
| 15 Aug | Thu | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Shashthi |
| 23 Aug | Fri | Varalakshmi Vratham Vrat | Shukla Trayodashi |
| 24 Aug | Sat |
Onam (Thiruvonam) Kerala's harvest festival welcoming King Mahabali, with Pookalam, Onasadya and boat races. |
Shukla Chaturdashi |
| 25 Aug | Sun |
Avani Avittam (Upakarma) Brahmins renew the sacred thread (Yajur Upakarma) on Shravana Purnima. |
Shukla Purnima |
September 1991 Chingam – Kanni
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Sep | Mon |
Sri Krishna Jayanthi (Ashtami Rohini) The birth of Lord Krishna on the Rohini star of Chingam. |
Krishna Ashtami |
| 13 Sep | Fri | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Panchami |
October 1991 Kanni – Thulam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 Oct | Tue |
Navratri (Saraswathi Puja)
The autumn nine nights, culminating in Saraswathi Puja and Vidyarambham. |
Shukla Pratipada |
| 18 Oct | Fri |
Ayudha Puja / Saraswati Puja
Tools, instruments and books are placed before Goddess Saraswati and worshipped on Vijayadashami. |
Shukla Dashami |
November 1991 Thulam – Vrischikam
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Nov | Tue |
Deepavali The festival of lights. |
Krishna Chaturdashi |
| 17 Nov | Sun |
Mandala Pooja Begins The 41-day Sabarimala Ayyappa season begins as the Sun enters Vrischika. |
Shukla Dashami |
December 1991 Vrischikam – Dhanu
| Date | Day | Festival / Vrat | Tithi |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 Dec | Thu | Skanda Shashthi Vrat | Shukla Shashthi |
| 12 Dec | Thu |
Subramanya Shashti Lord Subramanya (Kartikeya) is worshipped at Kukke and beyond on Margashirsha Shukla Shashthi. |
Shukla Shashthi |
| 16 Dec | Mon |
Dhanurmasam Begins The month of dawn Vishnu worship (Tiruppavai / Dhanurmasa) begins as the Sun enters Dhanu. |
Shukla Dashami |
| 17 Dec | Tue |
Vaikunta Ekadashi
The Margazhi Ekadashi when the gates of Vaikuntha are said to open; Vishnu devotees fast and keep vigil. |
Shukla Ekadashi |
| 22 Dec | Sun |
Thiruvathira Women keep the Thiruvathira vrat for marital bliss on the Ardra star of Dhanu. |
Krishna Pratipada |
Months of the Malayalam Calendar in 1991
The Malayalam Calendar does not begin its year on 1 January, so each of its months straddles two Gregorian ones. These are the months that ran through 1991, covering Kollam Era 1166 – 1167. A month marked part is one the Gregorian year cuts short at its own start or end.
| Month | Begins | Ends | Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dhanu part | 1 Jan 1991 | 14 Jan 1991 | 14 |
| Makaram | 15 Jan 1991 | 12 Feb 1991 | 29 |
| Kumbham | 13 Feb 1991 | 14 Mar 1991 | 30 |
| Meenam | 15 Mar 1991 | 14 Apr 1991 | 31 |
| Medam | 15 Apr 1991 | 15 May 1991 | 31 |
| Edavam | 16 May 1991 | 15 Jun 1991 | 31 |
| Mithunam | 16 Jun 1991 | 16 Jul 1991 | 31 |
| Karkidakam | 17 Jul 1991 | 17 Aug 1991 | 32 |
| Chingam | 18 Aug 1991 | 17 Sep 1991 | 31 |
| Kanni | 18 Sep 1991 | 17 Oct 1991 | 30 |
| Thulam | 18 Oct 1991 | 16 Nov 1991 | 30 |
| Vrischikam | 17 Nov 1991 | 16 Dec 1991 | 30 |
| Dhanu part | 17 Dec 1991 | 31 Dec 1991 | 15 |
What happened in the sky in 1991
Beyond the dates the Malayalam Calendar lists, 1991 brought 6 eclipses - 2 solar and 4 lunar - of which 2 were above the horizon somewhere in India. The year also carried an Adhik Maas, the extra lunar month of Vaishakha, running from 15 April 1991 to 14 May 1991. Ratha Saptami fell on 23 January, 10 days earlier in the year than in 1990 - a lunar year runs about eleven days short of a solar one.
Eclipses of 1991
| Date (IST) | Eclipse | Malayalam date | Seen from India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 Jan 5:22 AM | Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) 2 days after Makaravilakku (Makara Sankranti) | Makaram Shukla Pratipada | Not visible |
| 30 Jan 11:28 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) on Thaipusam | Makaram Purnima | Not visible |
| 27 Jun 8:44 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Mithunam Purnima | Not visible |
| 12 Jul 12:36 AM | Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Mithunam Shukla Pratipada | Not visible |
| 26 Jul 11:37 PM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Karkidakam Purnima | Penumbral only |
| 21 Dec 4:03 PM | Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) 1 day before Thiruvathira | Dhanu Purnima | Yes - Sutak observed |
Sutak Kaal was observed for 1 of these. A penumbral (Upachhaya) eclipse is not counted as a grahan.
Guru and Shani in 1991
| Date | Graha | Sign change |
|---|---|---|
| 14 Aug 3:40 PM | Guru (Jupiter) | Karka → Simha |
Jupiter takes about a year to cross a sign, Saturn about two and a half. Rahu entered Dhanu on 13 April 1991, carrying the eclipse axis with it.
Related Calculators
Frequently asked questions about the Malayalam Calendar 1991
How many festivals and vrats does the Malayalam Calendar list in 1991?
The Malayalam Calendar lists 30 dates in 1991, of which 12 are vrats. The first is Makaravilakku (Makara Sankranti) on Monday, 14 January 1991, and the last is Thiruvathira on Sunday, 22 December 1991.
What are the main festival dates in the Malayalam Calendar for 1991?
The first major observances of 1991 are:
- Makaravilakku (Makara Sankranti) - Monday, 14 January 1991
- Ratha Saptami - Wednesday, 23 January 1991
- Thaipusam - Wednesday, 30 January 1991
- Maha Shivaratri - Tuesday, 12 February 1991
- Attukal Pongala - Friday, 1 March 1991
- Vishu - Sunday, 14 April 1991
Which month of 1991 has the most observances in the Malayalam Calendar?
August 1991 is the fullest month with 5 dates, including Karkidaka Vavu Bali, Skanda Shashthi, Varalakshmi Vratham, Onam (Thiruvonam), Avani Avittam (Upakarma).
Which traditional year does 1991 correspond to in the Malayalam Calendar?
The Gregorian year 1991 spans Kollam Era 1166 – 1167. The traditional year does not begin on 1 January, so one Gregorian year usually covers the end of one era year and the start of the next.
Did 1991 have an Adhik Maas?
Yes. 1991 carried an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month inserted roughly every third year to keep the lunar calendar in step with the solar one. Festivals falling after it shift later in the Gregorian year, which is why 1991 dates can look out of place beside a neighbouring year.
Were there any eclipses in 1991?
1991 had 6 eclipses:
- 16 January 1991 - Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 30 January 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 27 June 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 12 July 1991 - Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 26 July 1991 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), penumbral only, so no Sutak was observed
- 21 December 1991 - Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
Sutak Kaal is observed only for an eclipse actually visible where you are, so 1 of these was kept in India.
Did Guru or Shani change sign in 1991?
Yes - 1 sign change among the slow grahas in 1991:
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Simha on 14 August 1991
Jupiter takes about a year to cross one sign and Saturn about two and a half, so these transits colour the whole year rather than a single week.
How do I see the tithi and nakshatra for a specific date in 1991?
Use the month grid above: pick a month from the selector, then tap any day to open its full panchang - tithi with start and end times, nakshatra, yoga, karana, sunrise and sunset, and the inauspicious periods (Rahu Kalam, Yamaganda, Gulika Kalam). Set your city in the box at the top first, because these timings are sunrise-based and shift with location. The Malayalam Calendar - Kollam Era opens on the current month.
About the Malayalam Calendar - Kollam Era
The Malayalam festival calendar (Kollam Era). Kerala festivals and vrats month by month, with the date and tithi timing of each observance.
Each day lists its tithi and paksha, the nakshatra, the weekday (vaar) and any festivals or vrats. Tap any day to see the full panchang for that date - tithi start and end times, nakshatra, yoga, karana, sunrise and sunset, and the inauspicious periods (Rahu Kalam, Yamaganda, Gulika Kalam). Use the month and year selectors to browse any year in the archive or plan ahead into the coming years.
This calendar names the tithi and festivals for each day. For sunrise, Rahu Kalam and muhurat windows on a chosen date, open the Panchang. Other regional calendars are on the Calendars index. Fast stories live under Vrat Katha.
