Jain Calendar 1953
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
The Jain Calendar lists 44 dates in 1953, from Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak on 10 January through Rohini Vrat on 19 December. November holds the most with 9 dates. The year runs through Vikram Samvat 2009 – 2010. 1953 carries an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month that pushes several dates later than usual. Mahavir Jayanti fell on 28 March, Paryushan began on 5 September, Samvatsari fell on 12 September and Mahavir Nirvana fell on 6 November.
Jain Festivals & Fasting Days
January 1953 Pausha – Magha
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Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak
Tithi 5:23 AM – 5:54 AM, Jan 11
The birth anniversary (Janma Kalyanak) of Bhagwan Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, on Pausha Krishna Dashami - kept with the Uvasaggaharam Stotra jaap and fasting.
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Meru Trayodashi
Tithi 3:27 AM – 1:33 AM, Jan 14
The nirvana (moksha) day of the first Tirthankara, Bhagwan Rishabhadeva (Adinatha), venerated with worship of the sacred Mount Meru.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 10:00 PM, Jan 24 – 10:27 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
February 1953 Magha – Phalguna
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 12:18 PM, Feb 19 – 11:28 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 11:13 AM, Feb 20 – 11:10 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Phalguna Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 7:11 PM, Feb 26 – 9:48 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 9:49 PM, Feb 27 – 12:29 AM, Mar 1
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
March 1953 Phalguna – Chaitra
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Varshitapa Arambha Vrat
Tithi 12:16 PM, Mar 8 – 11:40 AM
The beginning of Varshi Tap - a year-long penance of alternate-day fasting commemorating Bhagwan Rishabhadeva's long fast before his first alms.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 1:20 AM – 1:05 AM, Mar 22
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 1:20 AM – 1:05 AM, Mar 22
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Mahavir Swami Jayanti
Tithi 11:07 AM, Mar 27 – 1:44 PM
The birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, on Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi - celebrated with processions, abhishek and charity.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 4:15 PM, Mar 29 – 6:26 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
April 1953 Chaitra – Vaishakha (Adhik)
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:37 PM, Apr 16 – 4:17 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
May 1953 Vaishakha (Adhik) – Vaishakha – Jyeshtha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 10:24 AM, May 13 – 8:33 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Varshitapa Parana
Tithi 8:16 AM, May 14 – 7:06 AM
The breaking (parana) of the year-long Varshi Tap with sugarcane juice on Akshaya Tritiya, as Bhagwan Rishabhadeva broke his fast.
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Mahavira Swami Kevalagyan
Tithi 3:35 PM, May 22 – 5:56 PM
The day Bhagwan Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana - infinite knowledge and omniscience.
June 1953 Jyeshtha – Ashadha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 9:31 PM, Jun 10 – 8:18 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Shruta Panchami
Tithi 9:45 PM, Jun 15 – 11:30 PM
The Digambara festival venerating the Jain scriptures (Shruta) on Jyeshtha Shukla Panchami - commemorating the day the Shatkhandagama was first written down.
July 1953 Ashadha – Shravana
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 9:16 AM, Jul 7 – 8:24 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 7:03 PM, Jul 17 – 9:20 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Ashadha Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 10:35 PM, Jul 24 – 8:33 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 8:28 PM, Jul 25 – 5:54 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
August 1953 Shravana – Bhadrapada
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 6:37 PM, Aug 3 – 5:52 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
September 1953 Bhadrapada – Ashwina
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 3:53 AM – 3:23 AM, Sep 2
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Paryushana Parvarambha
Tithi 4:59 AM, Sep 4 – 6:45 AM
The start of Paryushan - the holiest eight-day festival of the Jains - of fasting, scriptural study, penance and forgiveness.
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Samvatsari Parva
Tithi 8:41 PM, Sep 11 – 10:56 PM
The final and holiest day of Paryushan - of Pratikraman and Michhami Dukkadam, seeking forgiveness from every living being.
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Das Lakshana Parva Begins
Tithi 10:54 PM, Sep 12 – 12:53 AM, Sep 14
The ten-day Digambara festival of the ten supreme virtues (dharma), from Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami to Chaturdashi - the Digambara counterpart of Paryushan.
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Anant Chaturdashi Vrat
Tithi 5:23 PM, Sep 21 – 1:40 PM
The closing day of Das Lakshana, when the fourteen-knot thread of Ananta is worshipped and the Ananta Vrat is observed on Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturdashi.
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Kshamavani Parva
Tithi 1:41 PM, Sep 22 – 9:45 AM
The Digambara day of universal forgiveness, the day after Das Lakshana - Jains seek and grant pardon with the words Uttam Kshama and Michhami Dukkadam.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:19 PM, Sep 27 – 3:54 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
October 1953 Ashwina – Kartika
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 3:39 PM, Oct 14 – 3:32 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 10:11 PM, Oct 21 – 6:24 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 11:21 AM, Oct 24 – 8:54 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
November 1953 Kartika – Margashirsha
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Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali)
Tithi 9:36 PM, Nov 5 – 11:31 PM
Diwali marks the nirvana (final liberation) of Bhagwan Mahavira at Pavapuri; Jains keep it with fasting, the Nirvana Laddu and recitation of his last sermon.
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Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat)
Tithi 11:28 PM, Nov 6 – 1:04 AM, Nov 8
The first day of the Jain Vira Nirvana Samvat year - the morning after Mahavira's nirvana, also the day Gautam Swami attained Kevala Jnana.
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Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya)
Tithi 1:00 AM – 2:16 AM, Nov 9
Sisters honour their brothers on Kartika Shukla Dwitiya, the day Gautam Swami is said to have visited his sister, closing the Diwali observances.
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Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami)
Tithi 3:26 AM – 3:36 AM, Nov 12
Knowledge (Jnan) Panchami - Jain scriptures and the gift of knowledge are venerated; in Gujarat it is also kept as Labh Panchami.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 3:00 AM – 2:13 AM, Nov 14
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Kartika Ratha Yatra
Tithi 10:52 AM, Nov 19 – 7:42 AM
The Kartik Purnima chariot procession (Ratha Yatra) and the great pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya (Palitana), reopened after the Chaturmas.
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Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 10:52 AM, Nov 19 – 7:42 AM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 10:52 AM, Nov 19 – 7:42 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 2:02 AM – 11:45 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
December 1953 Margashirsha – Pausha
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Maun Ekadashi Vrat
Tithi 4:21 AM – 1:53 AM, Dec 17
The great silent (Maun) fast of Margashirsha Shukla Ekadashi, on which 150 Kalyanaks of the Tirthankaras are commemorated - kept with silence, fasting and Posaha.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 9:01 PM, Dec 18 – 6:54 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
Tithi start and end times are shown in your local time. Festival dates follow the standard Indian (sunrise) calendar and may vary by a day in other regions, and may differ slightly from regional almanacs (especially around an Adhik Maas).
What happened in the sky in 1953
Beyond the dates the Jain Calendar lists, 1953 brought 5 eclipses - 3 solar and 2 lunar - of which 3 were above the horizon somewhere in India. The year also carried an Adhik Maas, the extra lunar month of Vaishakha, running from 14 April 1953 to 13 May 1953. Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) fell on 7 November, 18 days later in the year than in 1952 - a lunar year runs about eleven days short of a solar one.
Eclipses of 1953
| Date (IST) | Eclipse | Hindu date | Seen from India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 Jan 5:17 AM | Total lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Magha Krishna Pratipada | Yes - Sutak observed |
| 14 Feb 6:28 AM | Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Phalguna Shukla Pratipada | Yes - Sutak observed |
| 11 Jul 8:13 AM | Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Ashadha Amavasya | Not visible |
| 26 Jul 5:50 PM | Total lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Shravana Purnima | Yes - Sutak observed |
| 9 Aug 9:24 PM | Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Shravana Amavasya | Not visible |
Sutak Kaal was observed for 3 of these.
Guru and Shani in 1953
| Date | Graha | Sign change |
|---|---|---|
| 9 Apr 7:40 PM | Guru (Jupiter) | Mesha → Vrishabha |
| 24 Apr 10:20 AM | Shani (Saturn) | Tula → Kanya re-entry while retrograde |
| 21 Aug 12:00 PM | Shani (Saturn) | Kanya → Tula |
| 30 Aug 9:50 AM | Guru (Jupiter) | Vrishabha → Mithuna |
| 30 Nov 6:50 AM | Guru (Jupiter) | Mithuna → Vrishabha re-entry while retrograde |
Jupiter takes about a year to cross a sign, Saturn about two and a half.
Related Calculators
Frequently asked questions about the Jain Calendar 1953
How many festivals and vrats does the Jain Calendar list in 1953?
The Jain Calendar lists 44 dates in 1953, of which 29 are vrats. The first is Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak on Saturday, 10 January 1953, and the last is Rohini Vrat on Saturday, 19 December 1953.
When was Paryushan in 1953?
Paryushan began on Saturday, 5 September 1953 and closed on Samvatsari, Saturday, 12 September 1953.
The Digambara Das Lakshana Parva began on Sunday, 13 September 1953.
When was Mahavir Jayanti in 1953?
Mahavir Swami Jayanti fell on Saturday, 28 March 1953 (Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi), the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira.
When was Mahavir Nirvana in 1953?
Mahavir Nirvana was observed on Friday, 6 November 1953, the same day as Diwali.
The Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) began the next morning, Saturday, 7 November 1953.
What are the main festival dates in the Jain Calendar for 1953?
The main observances in 1953 are:
- Mahavir Jayanti - Saturday, 28 March 1953
- Paryushan - Saturday, 5 September 1953
- Samvatsari - Saturday, 12 September 1953
- Mahavir Nirvana - Friday, 6 November 1953
Which month of 1953 has the most observances in the Jain Calendar?
November 1953 is the fullest month with 9 dates, including Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali), Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat), Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya), Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami), Kartika Ashtahnika Begins, Kartika Ashtahnika Ends, Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas, Kartika Ratha Yatra.
Which traditional year does 1953 correspond to in the Jain Calendar?
The Gregorian year 1953 spans Vikram Samvat 2009 – 2010. The traditional year does not begin on 1 January, so one Gregorian year usually covers the end of one era year and the start of the next.
Did 1953 have an Adhik Maas?
Yes. 1953 carried an Adhik Maas (Vaishakha (Adhik)), the extra lunar month inserted roughly every third year to keep the lunar calendar in step with the solar one. Festivals falling after it shift later in the Gregorian year, which is why 1953 dates can look out of place beside a neighbouring year.
Were there any eclipses in 1953?
1953 had 5 eclipses:
- 30 January 1953 - Total lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
- 14 February 1953 - Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
- 11 July 1953 - Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 26 July 1953 - Total lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
- 9 August 1953 - Partial solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
Sutak Kaal is observed only for an eclipse actually visible where you are, so 3 of these were kept in India.
Did Guru or Shani change sign in 1953?
Yes - 5 sign changes among the slow grahas in 1953:
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Vrishabha on 9 April 1953
- Shani (Saturn) entered Kanya on 24 April 1953, moving retrograde
- Shani (Saturn) entered Tula on 21 August 1953
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Mithuna on 30 August 1953
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Vrishabha on 30 November 1953, moving retrograde
Jupiter takes about a year to cross one sign and Saturn about two and a half, so these transits colour the whole year rather than a single week.
Are these 1953 dates the same everywhere?
The dates follow the standard Indian sunrise-based calendar. Because a tithi begins and ends at a fixed moment rather than at midnight, an observance can fall a day earlier or later where sunrise differs - most noticeably outside India. Set your city in the box at the top to see the start and end times in your own local time, and check the daily Panchang for the exact window on the day.
About the Jain Calendar
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
Each entry lists the festival or vrat with its date, the prevailing tithi, and a short note on the observance. Use the year links to plan ahead into the coming years or to look up a date from the archive.
This list is the festival dates, not the daily five limbs. For sunrise, Rahu Kalam and the day's yoga, open the Panchang. Other calendars are on the Calendars index. The story of a fast is under Vrat Katha.
