Jain Calendar 1977
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
The Jain Calendar lists 47 dates in 1977, from Rohini Vrat on 3 January through Rohini Vrat on 24 December. November holds the most with 9 dates. The year runs through Vikram Samvat 2033 – 2034. 1977 carries an Adhik Maas (Shravana (Adhik)), the extra lunar month that pushes several dates later than usual. Mahavir Jayanti fell on 2 April, Paryushan began on 10 September, Samvatsari fell on 17 September and Mahavir Nirvana fell on 10 November.
Jain Festivals & Fasting Days
January 1977 Pausha – Magha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 12:58 PM, Jan 2 – 2:58 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak
Tithi 10:34 AM, Jan 14 – 8:11 AM
The birth anniversary (Janma Kalyanak) of Bhagwan Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, on Pausha Krishna Dashami - kept with the Uvasaggaharam Stotra jaap and fasting.
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Meru Trayodashi
Tithi 3:04 AM – 12:25 AM, Jan 18
The nirvana (moksha) day of the first Tirthankara, Bhagwan Rishabhadeva (Adinatha), venerated with worship of the sacred Mount Meru.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:13 AM – 7:29 AM, Jan 31
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
February 1977 Magha – Phalguna
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 4:22 PM, Feb 24 – 7:02 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 7:03 PM, Feb 25 – 9:36 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
March 1977 Phalguna – Chaitra
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Phalguna Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 1:41 AM – 12:37 AM, Mar 5
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 12:28 AM – 10:50 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Varshitapa Arambha Vrat
Tithi 6:04 AM – 4:01 AM, Mar 13
The beginning of Varshi Tap - a year-long penance of alternate-day fasting commemorating Bhagwan Rishabhadeva's long fast before his first alms.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 10:10 AM, Mar 25 – 12:41 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 12:46 PM, Mar 26 – 2:59 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
April 1977 Chaitra – Vaishakha
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Mahavir Swami Jayanti
Tithi 4:51 PM, Apr 1 – 2:56 PM
The birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, on Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi - celebrated with processions, abhishek and charity.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 12:36 PM, Apr 3 – 9:39 AM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Varshitapa Parana
Tithi 8:47 PM, Apr 20 – 11:21 PM
The breaking (parana) of the year-long Varshi Tap with sugarcane juice on Akshaya Tritiya, as Bhagwan Rishabhadeva broke his fast.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 11:21 PM, Apr 21 – 1:55 AM, Apr 23
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Mahavira Swami Kevalagyan
Tithi 8:54 AM, Apr 28 – 7:51 AM
The day Bhagwan Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana - infinite knowledge and omniscience.
May 1977 Vaishakha – Jyeshtha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 8:22 AM, May 18 – 10:53 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Shruta Panchami
Tithi 5:39 PM, May 22 – 7:17 PM
The Digambara festival venerating the Jain scriptures (Shruta) on Jyeshtha Shukla Panchami - commemorating the day the Shatkhandagama was first written down.
June 1977 Jyeshtha – Ashadha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 7:02 PM, Jun 14 – 9:33 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 9:32 PM, Jun 15 – 11:55 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 7:21 AM, Jun 23 – 6:40 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Ashadha Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 4:14 PM, Jun 29 – 12:33 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
July 1977 Ashadha – Shravana (Adhik)
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 12:30 PM, Jun 30 – 8:53 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:58 AM, Jul 12 – 8:22 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
August 1977 Shravana (Adhik) – Shravana – Bhadrapada
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:45 PM, Aug 8 – 8:13 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
September 1977 Bhadrapada – Ashwina
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 4:23 AM, Sep 4 – 6:49 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Paryushana Parvarambha
Tithi 3:06 PM, Sep 9 – 3:55 PM
The start of Paryushan - the holiest eight-day festival of the Jains - of fasting, scriptural study, penance and forgiveness.
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Samvatsari Parva
Tithi 9:56 AM, Sep 16 – 7:44 AM
The final and holiest day of Paryushan - of Pratikraman and Michhami Dukkadam, seeking forgiveness from every living being.
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Das Lakshana Parva Begins
Tithi 9:56 AM, Sep 16 – 7:44 AM
The ten-day Digambara festival of the ten supreme virtues (dharma), from Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami to Chaturdashi - the Digambara counterpart of Paryushan.
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Anant Chaturdashi Vrat
Tithi 2:27 PM, Sep 25 – 1:54 PM
The closing day of Das Lakshana, when the fourteen-knot thread of Ananta is worshipped and the Ananta Vrat is observed on Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturdashi.
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Kshamavani Parva
Tithi 1:48 PM, Sep 26 – 1:45 PM
The Digambara day of universal forgiveness, the day after Das Lakshana - Jains seek and grant pardon with the words Uttam Kshama and Michhami Dukkadam.
October 1977 Ashwina – Kartika
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 8:47 PM, Oct 2 – 11:15 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 9:18 AM, Oct 18 – 7:14 AM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 3:47 AM – 4:55 AM, Oct 27
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 8:44 AM, Oct 29 – 11:08 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
November 1977 Kartika – Margashirsha
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Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali)
Tithi 6:44 PM, Nov 9 – 3:55 PM
Diwali marks the nirvana (final liberation) of Bhagwan Mahavira at Pavapuri; Jains keep it with fasting, the Nirvana Laddu and recitation of his last sermon.
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Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat)
Tithi 3:57 PM, Nov 10 – 12:40 PM
The first day of the Jain Vira Nirvana Samvat year - the morning after Mahavira's nirvana, also the day Gautam Swami attained Kevala Jnana.
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Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya)
Tithi 12:43 PM, Nov 11 – 9:10 AM
Sisters honour their brothers on Kartika Shukla Dwitiya, the day Gautam Swami is said to have visited his sister, closing the Diwali observances.
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Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami)
Tithi 10:50 PM, Nov 14 – 7:55 PM
Knowledge (Jnan) Panchami - Jain scriptures and the gift of knowledge are venerated; in Gujarat it is also kept as Labh Panchami.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 5:34 PM, Nov 16 – 3:55 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 6:42 PM, Nov 23 – 8:43 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Kartika Ratha Yatra
Tithi 8:44 PM, Nov 24 – 10:59 PM
The Kartik Purnima chariot procession (Ratha Yatra) and the great pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya (Palitana), reopened after the Chaturmas.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 8:44 PM, Nov 24 – 10:59 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 11:01 PM, Nov 25 – 1:25 AM, Nov 27
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
December 1977 Margashirsha – Pausha
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Maun Ekadashi Vrat
Tithi 6:21 AM, Dec 20 – 8:28 AM
The great silent (Maun) fast of Margashirsha Shukla Ekadashi, on which 150 Kalyanaks of the Tirthankaras are commemorated - kept with silence, fasting and Posaha.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 10:43 AM, Dec 22 – 1:14 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 1:14 PM, Dec 23 – 3:47 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
Tithi start and end times are shown in your local time. Festival dates follow the standard Indian (sunrise) calendar and may vary by a day in other regions, and may differ slightly from regional almanacs (especially around an Adhik Maas).
What happened in the sky in 1977
Beyond the dates the Jain Calendar lists, 1977 brought 4 eclipses - 2 solar and 2 lunar - of which 1 was above the horizon somewhere in India. The year also carried an Adhik Maas, the extra lunar month of Shravana, running from 17 July 1977 to 14 August 1977. Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) fell on 11 November, 18 days later in the year than in 1976 - a lunar year runs about eleven days short of a solar one.
Eclipses of 1977
| Date (IST) | Eclipse | Hindu date | Seen from India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4 Apr 9:48 AM | Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) 2 days after Mahavir Swami Jayanti | Chaitra Purnima | Not visible |
| 18 Apr 4:00 PM | Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) 3 days before Varshitapa Parana | Vaishakha Amavasya | Yes - Sutak observed |
| 27 Sep 1:59 PM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) on Kshamavani Parva | Ashwina Purnima | Not visible |
| 13 Oct 1:56 AM | Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Ashwina Shukla Pratipada | Not visible |
Sutak Kaal was observed for 1 of these.
Guru and Shani in 1977
| Date | Graha | Sign change |
|---|---|---|
| 22 Feb 7:00 PM | Guru (Jupiter) | Mesha → Vrishabha |
| 18 Jul 11:00 AM | Guru (Jupiter) | Vrishabha → Mithuna |
| 7 Sep 11:20 AM | Shani (Saturn) | Karka → Simha |
Jupiter takes about a year to cross a sign, Saturn about two and a half. Rahu entered Kanya on 1 May 1977, carrying the eclipse axis with it.
Related Calculators
Frequently asked questions about the Jain Calendar 1977
How many festivals and vrats does the Jain Calendar list in 1977?
The Jain Calendar lists 47 dates in 1977, of which 32 are vrats. The first is Rohini Vrat on Monday, 3 January 1977, and the last is Rohini Vrat on Saturday, 24 December 1977.
When was Paryushan in 1977?
Paryushan began on Saturday, 10 September 1977 and closed on Samvatsari, Saturday, 17 September 1977.
The Digambara Das Lakshana Parva began on Saturday, 17 September 1977.
When was Mahavir Jayanti in 1977?
Mahavir Swami Jayanti fell on Saturday, 2 April 1977 (Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi), the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira.
When was Mahavir Nirvana in 1977?
Mahavir Nirvana was observed on Thursday, 10 November 1977, the same day as Diwali.
The Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) began the next morning, Friday, 11 November 1977.
What are the main festival dates in the Jain Calendar for 1977?
The main observances in 1977 are:
- Mahavir Jayanti - Saturday, 2 April 1977
- Paryushan - Saturday, 10 September 1977
- Samvatsari - Saturday, 17 September 1977
- Mahavir Nirvana - Thursday, 10 November 1977
Which month of 1977 has the most observances in the Jain Calendar?
November 1977 is the fullest month with 9 dates, including Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali), Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat), Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya), Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami), Kartika Ashtahnika Begins, Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas, Kartika Ashtahnika Ends, Kartika Ratha Yatra.
Which traditional year does 1977 correspond to in the Jain Calendar?
The Gregorian year 1977 spans Vikram Samvat 2033 – 2034. The traditional year does not begin on 1 January, so one Gregorian year usually covers the end of one era year and the start of the next.
Did 1977 have an Adhik Maas?
Yes. 1977 carried an Adhik Maas (Shravana (Adhik)), the extra lunar month inserted roughly every third year to keep the lunar calendar in step with the solar one. Festivals falling after it shift later in the Gregorian year, which is why 1977 dates can look out of place beside a neighbouring year.
Were there any eclipses in 1977?
1977 had 4 eclipses:
- 4 April 1977 - Partial lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 18 April 1977 - Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
- 27 September 1977 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 13 October 1977 - Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
Sutak Kaal is observed only for an eclipse actually visible where you are, so 1 of these was kept in India.
Did Guru or Shani change sign in 1977?
Yes - 3 sign changes among the slow grahas in 1977:
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Vrishabha on 22 February 1977
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Mithuna on 18 July 1977
- Shani (Saturn) entered Simha on 7 September 1977
Jupiter takes about a year to cross one sign and Saturn about two and a half, so these transits colour the whole year rather than a single week.
Are these 1977 dates the same everywhere?
The dates follow the standard Indian sunrise-based calendar. Because a tithi begins and ends at a fixed moment rather than at midnight, an observance can fall a day earlier or later where sunrise differs - most noticeably outside India. Set your city in the box at the top to see the start and end times in your own local time, and check the daily Panchang for the exact window on the day.
About the Jain Calendar
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
Each entry lists the festival or vrat with its date, the prevailing tithi, and a short note on the observance. Use the year links to plan ahead into the coming years or to look up a date from the archive.
This list is the festival dates, not the daily five limbs. For sunrise, Rahu Kalam and the day's yoga, open the Panchang. Other calendars are on the Calendars index. The story of a fast is under Vrat Katha.
