Jain Calendar 1998
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
The Jain Calendar lists 45 dates in 1998, from Rohini Vrat on 9 January through Rohini Vrat on 31 December. October holds the most with 7 dates. The year runs through Vikram Samvat 2054 – 2055. Mahavir Jayanti fell on 9 April, Paryushan began on 19 August, Samvatsari fell on 26 August and Mahavir Nirvana fell on 19 October.
Jain Festivals & Fasting Days
January 1998 Pausha – Magha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 1:48 AM – 12:28 AM, Jan 10
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Parshvanath Janma Kalyanak
Tithi 4:10 PM, Jan 22 – 5:09 PM
The birth anniversary (Janma Kalyanak) of Bhagwan Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, on Pausha Krishna Dashami - kept with the Uvasaggaharam Stotra jaap and fasting.
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Meru Trayodashi
Tithi 5:00 PM, Jan 25 – 3:42 PM
The nirvana (moksha) day of the first Tirthankara, Bhagwan Rishabhadeva (Adinatha), venerated with worship of the sacred Mount Meru.
February 1998 Magha – Phalguna
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 2:12 PM, Feb 5 – 1:26 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
March 1998 Phalguna – Chaitra
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 4:27 AM – 2:32 AM, Mar 5
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 2:46 AM – 1:31 AM, Mar 6
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Phalguna Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 5:25 AM, Mar 11 – 7:40 AM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Phalguna Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 7:36 AM, Mar 12 – 10:04 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Varshitapa Arambha Vrat
Tithi 12:53 AM – 1:25 AM, Mar 22
The beginning of Varshi Tap - a year-long penance of alternate-day fasting commemorating Bhagwan Rishabhadeva's long fast before his first alms.
April 1998 Chaitra – Vaishakha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 6:45 PM, Mar 31 – 4:24 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 2:38 PM, Apr 2 – 1:53 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Mahavir Swami Jayanti
Tithi 8:11 PM, Apr 8 – 10:42 PM
The birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara, on Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi - celebrated with processions, abhishek and charity.
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Chaitra Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 1:20 AM – 3:55 AM, Apr 12
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Varshitapa Parana
Tithi 1:25 PM, Apr 27 – 10:10 AM
The breaking (parana) of the year-long Varshi Tap with sugarcane juice on Akshaya Tritiya, as Bhagwan Rishabhadeva broke his fast.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 9:56 AM, Apr 28 – 7:17 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
May 1998 Vaishakha – Jyeshtha
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Mahavira Swami Kevalagyan
Tithi 5:45 AM, May 5 – 8:08 AM
The day Bhagwan Mahavira attained Kevala Jnana - infinite knowledge and omniscience.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 1:01 AM – 9:58 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Shruta Panchami
Tithi 4:33 PM, May 29 – 4:19 PM
The Digambara festival venerating the Jain scriptures (Shruta) on Jyeshtha Shukla Panchami - commemorating the day the Shatkhandagama was first written down.
June 1998 Jyeshtha – Ashadha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 2:02 PM, Jun 22 – 11:32 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
July 1998 Ashadha – Shravana
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 8:46 AM, Jun 30 – 11:01 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Ashadha Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 9:49 PM, Jul 7 – 10:02 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Ashadha Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 9:56 PM, Jul 8 – 9:37 PM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 12:58 AM – 10:57 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
August 1998 Shravana – Bhadrapada
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 12:10 PM, Aug 15 – 10:25 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Paryushana Parvarambha
Tithi 7:34 AM, Aug 18 – 7:02 AM
The start of Paryushan - the holiest eight-day festival of the Jains - of fasting, scriptural study, penance and forgiveness.
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Samvatsari Parva
Tithi 12:13 PM, Aug 25 – 2:33 PM
The final and holiest day of Paryushan - of Pratikraman and Michhami Dukkadam, seeking forgiveness from every living being.
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Das Lakshana Parva Begins
Tithi 2:33 PM, Aug 26 – 5:01 PM
The ten-day Digambara festival of the ten supreme virtues (dharma), from Bhadrapada Shukla Panchami to Chaturdashi - the Digambara counterpart of Paryushan.
September 1998 Bhadrapada – Ashwina
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Anant Chaturdashi Vrat
Tithi 10:00 PM, Sep 4 – 7:45 PM
The closing day of Das Lakshana, when the fourteen-knot thread of Ananta is worshipped and the Ananta Vrat is observed on Bhadrapada Shukla Chaturdashi.
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Kshamavani Parva
Tithi 7:41 PM, Sep 5 – 4:54 PM
The Digambara day of universal forgiveness, the day after Das Lakshana - Jains seek and grant pardon with the words Uttam Kshama and Michhami Dukkadam.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 10:23 PM, Sep 11 – 8:12 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Begins Vrat
Tithi 12:37 PM, Sep 27 – 2:08 PM
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
October 1998 Ashwina – Kartika
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Ashwina Navapada Oli Ends Vrat
Tithi 5:18 AM – 1:49 AM, Oct 6
The nine-day Ayambil (Navpad) Oli - a semi-fast venerating the nine supreme entities (Navpad), observed twice a year in Chaitra and Ashwin.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 11:03 AM, Oct 9 – 8:33 AM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali)
Tithi 10:44 AM, Oct 18 – 1:09 PM
Diwali marks the nirvana (final liberation) of Bhagwan Mahavira at Pavapuri; Jains keep it with fasting, the Nirvana Laddu and recitation of his last sermon.
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Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat)
Tithi 1:08 PM, Oct 19 – 3:39 PM
The first day of the Jain Vira Nirvana Samvat year - the morning after Mahavira's nirvana, also the day Gautam Swami attained Kevala Jnana.
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Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya)
Tithi 6:11 PM, Oct 21 – 8:41 PM
Sisters honour their brothers on Kartika Shukla Dwitiya, the day Gautam Swami is said to have visited his sister, closing the Diwali observances.
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Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami)
Tithi 1:12 AM – 3:09 AM, Oct 26
Knowledge (Jnan) Panchami - Jain scriptures and the gift of knowledge are venerated; in Gujarat it is also kept as Labh Panchami.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Begins Vrat
Tithi 4:23 AM – 5:24 AM, Oct 28
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
November 1998 Kartika – Margashirsha
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Kartika Chaumasi Chaudas Vrat
Tithi 6:32 PM, Nov 2 – 2:45 PM
The Chaturmasic Chaudas closing one of the three four-month periods, marked by Pratikraman, fasting and penance.
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Kartika Ratha Yatra
Tithi 2:45 PM, Nov 3 – 10:48 AM
The Kartik Purnima chariot procession (Ratha Yatra) and the great pilgrimage to Shatrunjaya (Palitana), reopened after the Chaturmas.
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Kartika Ashtahnika Ends Vrat
Tithi 2:45 PM, Nov 3 – 10:48 AM
The eight-day Ashtahnika Parva preceding the Chaumasi, when the Jains venerate the eternal (shashvata) Jina images with collective worship.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 3:11 AM – 11:44 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Maun Ekadashi Vrat
Tithi 1:48 PM, Nov 29 – 10:52 AM
The great silent (Maun) fast of Margashirsha Shukla Ekadashi, on which 150 Kalyanaks of the Tirthankaras are commemorated - kept with silence, fasting and Posaha.
December 1998 Margashirsha – Pausha
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 12:26 AM – 8:47 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
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Rohini Vrat Vrat
Tithi 5:01 PM, Dec 30 – 1:58 PM
A fasting day observed when the Rohini nakshatra prevails - kept mainly by Jain women for the long life and well-being of their husbands. There are twelve Rohini fasting days in a year.
Tithi start and end times are shown in your local time. Festival dates follow the standard Indian (sunrise) calendar and may vary by a day in other regions, and may differ slightly from regional almanacs (especially around an Adhik Maas).
What happened in the sky in 1998
Beyond the dates the Jain Calendar lists, 1998 brought 5 eclipses - 2 solar and 3 lunar - of which 2 were above the horizon somewhere in India. Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) fell on 20 October, 11 days earlier in the year than in 1997 - a lunar year runs about eleven days short of a solar one.
Eclipses of 1998
| Date (IST) | Eclipse | Hindu date | Seen from India |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26 Feb 10:58 PM | Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) | Phalguna Amavasya | Not visible |
| 13 Mar 9:50 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Phalguna Purnima | Not visible |
| 8 Aug 7:54 AM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) | Shravana Purnima | Not visible |
| 22 Aug 7:36 AM | Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan) 3 days after Paryushana Parvarambha | Bhadrapada Amavasya | Yes - Sutak observed |
| 6 Sep 4:40 PM | Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan) on Kshamavani Parva | Bhadrapada Purnima | Penumbral only |
Sutak Kaal was observed for 1 of these. A penumbral (Upachhaya) eclipse is not counted as a grahan.
Guru and Shani in 1998
| Date | Graha | Sign change |
|---|---|---|
| 8 Jan 4:00 PM | Guru (Jupiter) | Makara → Kumbha |
| 17 Apr 1:10 PM | Shani (Saturn) | Meena → Mesha |
| 26 May 4:20 AM | Guru (Jupiter) | Kumbha → Meena |
| 10 Sep 11:20 AM | Guru (Jupiter) | Meena → Kumbha re-entry while retrograde |
Jupiter takes about a year to cross a sign, Saturn about two and a half.
Related Calculators
Frequently asked questions about the Jain Calendar 1998
How many festivals and vrats does the Jain Calendar list in 1998?
The Jain Calendar lists 45 dates in 1998, of which 30 are vrats. The first is Rohini Vrat on Friday, 9 January 1998, and the last is Rohini Vrat on Thursday, 31 December 1998.
When was Paryushan in 1998?
Paryushan began on Wednesday, 19 August 1998 and closed on Samvatsari, Wednesday, 26 August 1998.
The Digambara Das Lakshana Parva began on Thursday, 27 August 1998.
When was Mahavir Jayanti in 1998?
Mahavir Swami Jayanti fell on Thursday, 9 April 1998 (Chaitra Shukla Trayodashi), the birth anniversary of Bhagwan Mahavira.
When was Mahavir Nirvana in 1998?
Mahavir Nirvana was observed on Monday, 19 October 1998, the same day as Diwali.
The Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat) began the next morning, Tuesday, 20 October 1998.
What are the main festival dates in the Jain Calendar for 1998?
The main observances in 1998 are:
- Mahavir Jayanti - Thursday, 9 April 1998
- Paryushan - Wednesday, 19 August 1998
- Samvatsari - Wednesday, 26 August 1998
- Mahavir Nirvana - Monday, 19 October 1998
Which month of 1998 has the most observances in the Jain Calendar?
October 1998 is the fullest month with 7 dates, including Ashwina Navapada Oli Ends, Rohini Vrat, Mahavir Nirvana (Diwali), Jain New Year (Vira Nirvana Samvat), Bhai Dooj (Bhratri Dwitiya), Jnan Panchami (Labh Panchami), Kartika Ashtahnika Begins.
Which traditional year does 1998 correspond to in the Jain Calendar?
The Gregorian year 1998 spans Vikram Samvat 2054 – 2055. The traditional year does not begin on 1 January, so one Gregorian year usually covers the end of one era year and the start of the next.
Did 1998 have an Adhik Maas?
No. 1998 had twelve lunar months with no Adhik Maas, so its festival dates fall in their usual Gregorian window rather than being pushed later by an intercalary month.
Were there any eclipses in 1998?
1998 had 5 eclipses:
- 26 February 1998 - Total solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), not visible from India
- 13 March 1998 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 8 August 1998 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), not visible from India
- 22 August 1998 - Annular solar eclipse (Surya Grahan), visible in India, so Sutak Kaal was observed
- 6 September 1998 - Penumbral lunar eclipse (Chandra Grahan), penumbral only, so no Sutak was observed
Sutak Kaal is observed only for an eclipse actually visible where you are, so 1 of these was kept in India.
Did Guru or Shani change sign in 1998?
Yes - 4 sign changes among the slow grahas in 1998:
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Kumbha on 8 January 1998
- Shani (Saturn) entered Mesha on 17 April 1998
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Meena on 26 May 1998
- Guru (Jupiter) entered Kumbha on 10 September 1998, moving retrograde
Jupiter takes about a year to cross one sign and Saturn about two and a half, so these transits colour the whole year rather than a single week.
Are these 1998 dates the same everywhere?
The dates follow the standard Indian sunrise-based calendar. Because a tithi begins and ends at a fixed moment rather than at midnight, an observance can fall a day earlier or later where sunrise differs - most noticeably outside India. Set your city in the box at the top to see the start and end times in your own local time, and check the daily Panchang for the exact window on the day.
About the Jain Calendar
A month-by-month list of the significant Jain festivals and fasting (upvas) days - Paryushan and Samvatsari, Mahavir Jayanti, the twelve Rohini Vrats, the Ashtahnika and Navpad Oli parvas, the Chaumasi Chaudas, Varshi Tap and Mahavir Nirvana - with the date and tithi of each.
Each entry lists the festival or vrat with its date, the prevailing tithi, and a short note on the observance. Use the year links to plan ahead into the coming years or to look up a date from the archive.
This list is the festival dates, not the daily five limbs. For sunrise, Rahu Kalam and the day's yoga, open the Panchang. Other calendars are on the Calendars index. The story of a fast is under Vrat Katha.
